RJNS Vol No: 14 Issue No: 2 eISSN: pISSN:
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Priya Janifer Fernandes
Assistant Professor ,Department of Child Helath Nursing,Father Muller College of Nursing,Mangaluru 575002
Author for correspondence
Priya Janifer Fernandes
Assistant Professor,
Department of Child Helath Nursing,
Father Muller College of Nursing,
Mangaluru 575002
Ph: 9986969035
Email id: priyajfernandes@gmail.com
Abstract
Young children are often influenced by media and often do things under its influence. The consumption of carbonated drinks in youngsters is increasing in alarming proportions. They are often not aware of the health hazards of the excess consumption. Many academic studies have shown that there is nothing healthy about carbonated soft drinks or soda.Scientific studies have shown that one or two soft drinks a day can increase one’s risk for numerous health problems. Some of these health problems are obesity, diabetes, tooth decay, osteoporosis, nutritional deficiencies, sleep disturbance and many neurological disorders.Youngsters consume carbonated drinks in large quantities and are often unaware of the health hazards of excess consumption
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INTRODUCTION
A carbonated beverage is a mixture of Phosphoric acid, sugar, caffeine, colouring and flavouring agents. The active ingredient in these beverages is phosphoric acid, with an acidic pH generally less than three, which is same as acetic acid. However, it doesn’t taste like acid as manufacturers add large quantities of sugar. High amount of phosphoric acid is added to keep the water sterile as no bacteria can live in such acidic conditions.1
In recent years, soft drinks have become increasingly available in the market, with a surge in their usage, especially among young people and children.2 This has resulted in a major concern considering their health implications. The increasing incidence of obesity and type II diabetes among children is mostly associated with the consumption of excessive amount of sugar present in these beverages.3 It is also associated with increased risk of bone fractures or osteoporosis, probably because of decreased calcium absorption due to the presence of phosphorus in these drinks. Moreover, the intake of dairy products is reduced by soft drink consumption, which has an impact on bone mineral density.4
Definition of carbonated beverage/ Soft Drink
A non-alcoholic, flavoured, carbonated beverage usually prepared and sold in bottles and cans.
It is a beverage that typically contains carbonated water, sweetener and flavouring.
Effects of soft drinks / carbonated drinks
Ill effects on dental health
1. Dental Decay:- Sugar
Presence of naturally occurring bacteria in mouths
These bacteria feed on sugar
Producing acids as by-product
Dental decay 5
2. Tooth Erosion:- Acid
Acid in soft drinks
Acid dissolves the hard tissues of the tooth
In its early stages, it strips away the surface layers of tooth enamel. In advanced stages, it can expose the softer dentine that underlies tooth enamel, or even the central pulp of the tooth5
Other ill effects
• Obesity
• Asthma
• Heart diseases
• Kidney diseases
• Reproductive issues
• Type II DM
• Hypocalcaemia and osteoporosis in later life.
• Decreases bone mineral density6
PREVENTION
• Reduction of sugar consumption: World Health Organization has recommended to limit the daily intake of sugars to just 5% of total calories which is equivalent to 6 teaspoons or 25 grams of sugar per day.8 The American Heart Association (AHA) recommends that the daily intake of sugar should be 25 grams for women, 38 grams for men, and 12 grams for children.9
• Limit the drinking of carbonated drinks
• Tooth brushing at least twice a day, using fluoride or remineralizing toothpaste. Use a small-headed brush with medium to soft bristles5
• Improving the drinking habit: water, Milk.5
• Drink quickly, without holding the drink in mouth Or use a straw to help drinks go to the back of mouth and avoid long contact with teeth.5
• Wait for at least one hour after eating or drinking anything acidic before brushing teeth. This gives teeth time to build up their mineral content again.
Role of Nurse
As obesity is more common in children, school health nurse or public health nurse must take initiative to conduct school based programme to reduce carbonated drink consumption among school children which may further help in prevention of obesity and problems of tooth decay.
CONCLUSION
Numerous studies have shown the negative health effects of drinking soda on waistline and teeth. Drinking soda however, has far more health risks than many of us may realize. Regular consumption of sugary drinks is linked to numerous health problems including diabetes, heart disease, asthma, COPD and obesity.
Conflict of Interest - None
Supporting File
References
1. Real S. The effect of consumption of carbonated beverages on the oral health of children: a study in real life situation. Pesq Bras Odontoped Clin Integr, João Pessoa, 11(1):35-40, jan./mar. 2011
2. Özen AE, Bibiloni M, Pons A, Tur JA. Fluid intake from beverages across age groups: a systematic review. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics. 2015 Oct 1;28(5):417-42.
3. Imamura F, O’Connor L, Ye Z, Mursu J, Hayashino Y, Bhupathiraju SN, Forouhi NG. Consumption of sugar sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and fruit juice and incidence of type 2 diabetes: systematic review, meta-analysis, and estimation of population attributable fraction. Bmj. 2015 Jul 21;351:h3576.
4. Høstmark AT, Søgaard AJ, Alvær K, Meyer HE. The oslo health study: a dietary index estimating frequent intake of soft drinks and rare intake of fruit and vegetables is negatively associated with bone mineral density. Journal of osteoporosis. 2011 Jul 2;2011.
5. Holt A.Soft drinks and dental health.Available at www.giveuplovingpop.org.uk @gulpNOW
6. Vartanian LR, Schwartz MB, Brownell KD. Effects of soft drink consumption on nutrition and health: a systematic review and metaanalysis. American journal of public health. 2007 Apr;97(4):667-75.
7. Cheng R, Yang H, Shao MY, Hu T, Zhou XD. Dental erosion and severe tooth decay related to soft drinks: a case report and literature review. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B. 2009 May 1;10(5):395-9.
8. World Health Organization. Guideline: sugars intake for adults and children. World Health Organization; 2015 Mar 31.
9. Johnson RK, Appel LJ, Brands M, Howard BV, Lefevre M, Lustig RH, Sacks F, Steffen LM, Wylie-Rosett J. Dietary sugars intake and cardiovascular health. Circulation. 2009 Sep 15;120(11):1011-20.